Familial and cultural perceptions and beliefs of oral hygiene and dietary practices among ethnically and socio-economicall diverse groups

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Adair, Pauline M and Pine, Cynthia M and Burnside, Girvan and Nicoll, Alison D and Gillett, Angela and Anwar, Shahid and Broukal, Zdenek and Chestnutt, Ivor G and Declerck, Dominique and Ping, Feng Xi and Ferro, Roberto and Freeman, Ruth and Grant-Mills, Donna and Gugushe, Tshepo and Hunsrisakhun, Jaranya and Irigoyen-Camacho, Maria and Lo, Edward C M and Moola, Mohamed Hanif and Naidoo, Sudeshni and Nyandindi, Ursuline and Poulsen, Vibeke Juul and Ramos-Gomez, Francisco and Razanamihaja, Noëline and Shahid, Swarngit and Skeie, Marit Slåttelid and Skur, O Patricia and Splieth, Christian and Soo, Teo Choo and Whelton, Helen and Young, David W (2004) Familial and cultural perceptions and beliefs of oral hygiene and dietary practices among ethnically and socio-economicall diverse groups. Community Dental Health, 21 (1 Supp). pp. 102-11. ISSN 0265-539X

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Abstract

Objective: The aim of this international study was to develop a valid and reliable psychometric measure to examine the extent to which parents' attitudes about engaging in twice-daily tooth brushing and controlling sugar snacking predict these respective behaviours in their children. A supplementary objective was to assess whether ethnic group, culture, level of deprivation or children's caries experience impact upon the relationships between oral health related behaviours, attitudes to these respective behaviours and to dental caries. Clinical setting: Nurseries, health centres and dental clinics in 17 countries. Participants: 2822 children aged 3 to 4 years and their parents. Main outcome measures: Dental examination of children and questionnaire to parents. Results: Factor analysis identified 8 coherent attitudes towards toothbrushing, sugar snacking and childhood caries. Attitudes were significantly different in families from deprived and non-deprived backgrounds and in families of children with and without caries. Parents perception of their ability to control their children's toothbrushing and sugar snacking habits were the most significant predictor of whether or not favourable habits were reported. Some differences were found by site and ethnic group. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that parental attitudes significantly impact on the establishment of habits favourable to oral health. An appreciation of the impact of cultural and ethnic diversity is important in understanding how parental attitudes to oral health vary. Further research should examine in a prospective intervention whether enhancing parenting skills is an effective route to preventing childhood caries.

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