Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices : an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries

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Zhang, Zhiguang and Abdeta, Chalchisa and Chelly, Mohamed Souhaiel and del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús and Draper, Catherine E and Engberg, Elina and Florindo, Alex and Germana, Leyna and Ghofranipour, Fazlollah and Guan, Hongyan and Ha, Amy Sau-Ching and Hamdouchi, Asmaa E l and Tang, Hong K and Hossain, Mohammed Sorowar and Jambaldorj, Bayasgalan and Kim, Dong Hoon and Koh, Denise and Kontsevaya, Anna and Löf, Marie and Lubree, Himangi and Jáuregui, Alejandra and Munambah, Nyaradzai and Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga and Oluwayomi, Aoko and Pham, Bang Nguyen and Reilly, John J and Staiano, Amanda E and Suherman, Adang and Tanaka, Chiaki and Tanui, Stephen and Teo, Wei-Peng and Tremblay, Mark S and Turab, Ali and Užičanin, Edin and Veldman, Sanne L C and Webster, E Kipling and Wickramasinghe, V Pujitha and Widyastari, Dyah Anantalia and Okely, Anthony (2024) Geocultural differences in pre-schooler sleep profiles and family practices : an analysis of pooled data from 37 countries. SLEEP. ISSN 1550-9109 (https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae305)

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world). METHODS Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured. Mixed models were used to estimate the marginal means of sleep characteristics by region and examine the differences. RESULTS Geocultural region explained up to 30% of variance in sleep characteristics. A pattern of short nighttime sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and long nap duration was observed in Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia. The second pattern, with later sleep midpoints and greater night-to-night sleep variability, was observed in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Compared to the Minority World, less optimal sleep characteristics were observed in several Majority World regions, with medium-to-large effect sizes (∣d∣=0.48-2.35). Several Majority World regions reported more frequent parental smartphone use during bedtime routines (Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia: 0.77-0.99 units) and were more likely to have electronic devices in children’s bedroom (Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia: OR=5.97-16.57) and co-sleeping arrangement (Asia, Latin America: OR=7.05-49.86), compared to the Minority World. CONCLUSIONS Pre-schoolers’ sleep profiles and related family practices vary across geocultural regions, which should be considered in sleep health promotion initiatives and policies.

ORCID iDs

Zhang, Zhiguang, Abdeta, Chalchisa, Chelly, Mohamed Souhaiel, del Pozo-Cruz, Jesús, Draper, Catherine E, Engberg, Elina, Florindo, Alex, Germana, Leyna, Ghofranipour, Fazlollah, Guan, Hongyan, Ha, Amy Sau-Ching, Hamdouchi, Asmaa E l, Tang, Hong K, Hossain, Mohammed Sorowar, Jambaldorj, Bayasgalan, Kim, Dong Hoon, Koh, Denise, Kontsevaya, Anna, Löf, Marie, Lubree, Himangi, Jáuregui, Alejandra, Munambah, Nyaradzai, Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga, Oluwayomi, Aoko, Pham, Bang Nguyen, Reilly, John J ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-5471, Staiano, Amanda E, Suherman, Adang, Tanaka, Chiaki, Tanui, Stephen, Teo, Wei-Peng, Tremblay, Mark S, Turab, Ali, Užičanin, Edin, Veldman, Sanne L C, Webster, E Kipling, Wickramasinghe, V Pujitha, Widyastari, Dyah Anantalia and Okely, Anthony;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)