Photonic-electronic spiking neuron with multi-modal and multi-wavelength excitatory and inhibitory operation for high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing

Zhang, Weikang and Hejda, Matěj and Al-Taai, Qusay Raghib Ali and Owen-Newns, Dafydd and Romeira, Bruno and Figueiredo, José M. L. and Robertson, Joshua and Wasige, Edward and Hurtado, Antonio (2024) Photonic-electronic spiking neuron with multi-modal and multi-wavelength excitatory and inhibitory operation for high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing. Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering. ISSN 2634-4386 (https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4386/ad8df8)

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Abstract

We report a multi-modal spiking neuron that allows optical and electronic input and control, and wavelength-multiplexing operation, for use in novel high-speed neuromorphic sensing and computing functionalities. The photonic-electronic neuron is built with a micro-scale, nanostructure resonant tunnelling diode (RTD) with photodetection (PD) capability. Leveraging the advantageous intrinsic properties of this RTD PD- system, namely highly nonlinear characteristics, photo-sensitivity, light-induced I-V curve shift, and the ability to deliver excitable responses under electrical and optical inputs, we successfully achieve flexible neuromorphic spike activation and inhibition regimes through photonic-electrical control. We also demonstrate the ability of this RTD-PD spiking sensing-processing neuron to operate under the simultaneous arrival of multiple wavelength-multiplexed optical signals, due to its large photodetection spectral window (covering the 1310 and 1550 nm telecom wavelength bands). Our results highlight the potential of RTD photonic-electronic neurons to reproduce multiple key excitatory and inhibitory spiking regimes, at high speed (ns-rate spiking responses, with faster sub-ns regimes theoretically predicted) and low energy (requiring only ~10 mV and ~150 µW, electrical and optical input amplitudes, respectively), similar in nature to those commonly found in the biological neurons of the visual system and the brain. This work offers a highly promising approach for the realisation of high-speed, energy-efficient photonic-electronic spiking neurons and spiking neural networks, enabling multi-modal and multi-wavelength operation for sensing and information processing tasks, whilst also yielding enhanced system capacity, performance and parallelism. This work therefore paves the way for innovative high-speed, photonic-electronic, and spike-based neuromorphic sensing and computing systems and artificial intelligence hardware

ORCID iDs

Zhang, Weikang, Hejda, Matěj ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-9426, Al-Taai, Qusay Raghib Ali, Owen-Newns, Dafydd, Romeira, Bruno, Figueiredo, José M. L., Robertson, Joshua, Wasige, Edward and Hurtado, Antonio ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-9034;
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