A comprehensive overview of diffuse correlation spectroscopy : theoretical framework, recent advances in hardware, analysis, and applications

Wang, Quan and Pan, Mingliang and Kreiss, Lucas and Samaei, Saeed and Carp, Stefan A. and Johansson, Johannes D. and Zhang, Yuanzhe and Wu, Melissa and Horstmeyer, Roarke and Diop, Mamadou and Li, David Day-Uei (2024) A comprehensive overview of diffuse correlation spectroscopy : theoretical framework, recent advances in hardware, analysis, and applications. NeuroImage, 298. 120793. ISSN 1053-8119 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120793)

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Abstract

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a powerful tool for assessing microvascular hemodynamic in deep tissues. Recent advances in sensors, lasers, and deep learning have further boosted the development of new DCS methods. However, newcomers might feel overwhelmed, not only by the already-complex DCS theoretical framework but also by the broad range of component options and system architectures. To facilitate new entry to this exciting field, we present a comprehensive review of DCS hardware architectures (continuous-wave, frequency-domain, and time-domain) and summarize corresponding theoretical models. Further, we discuss new applications of highly integrated silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors in DCS, compare SPADs with existing sensors, and review other components (lasers, sensors, and correlators), as well as data analysis tools, including deep learning. Potential applications in medical diagnosis are discussed and an outlook for the future directions is provided, to offer effective guidance to embark on DCS research.

ORCID iDs

Wang, Quan, Pan, Mingliang, Kreiss, Lucas, Samaei, Saeed, Carp, Stefan A., Johansson, Johannes D., Zhang, Yuanzhe, Wu, Melissa, Horstmeyer, Roarke, Diop, Mamadou and Li, David Day-Uei ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-4263;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)