Tuningless load frequency control through active engagement of distributed resources

Prostejovsky, Alexander M. and Marinelli, Mattia and Rezkalla, Michel and Syed, Mazheruddin H. and Guillo Sansano, Efren (2017) Tuningless load frequency control through active engagement of distributed resources. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. ISSN 0885-8950 (https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2752962)

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Abstract

The increasing share of volatile and inverter-based energy sources render electric power grids increasingly susceptible to disturbances. Established Load Frequency Controls (LFCs) schemes are rigid and require careful tuning, making them unsuitable for dynamically changing environments. In this paper, we present a fast and tuningless frequency control approach that tackles these shortcomings by means of modern grid monitoring and communications infrastructures in a two-fold concurrent process. First, direct observation of supply and demand enables fast power balancing decoupled from the total system dynamics. Second, primary resources are actively involved in frequency restoration by systematic adjustment of their frequency reference setpoints. In contrast to the commonly used Automatic Generation Control (AGC), the proposed Direct Load Frequency Control (DLFC) does not require an integrator for frequency control in the closed loop even under partial grid observability. The approach is Lyapunov-stable for a wide range of system parameters, including ramping limits of controlled resources. A performance study against AGC has been conducted on a three area power system in simulations as well as in a real laboratory grid with an installed generation capacity of 110kW.

ORCID iDs

Prostejovsky, Alexander M., Marinelli, Mattia, Rezkalla, Michel, Syed, Mazheruddin H. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-0817 and Guillo Sansano, Efren ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-4157;