Presumptive tests for xylazine-a computer vision approach

Chang, Hui Yun and Donnachie, Kristin and McCabe, Timothy J. D. and Barrington, Henry and Carlysle-Davies, Felicity and Ceniccola-Campos, Kristin and Reid, Marc (2025) Presumptive tests for xylazine-a computer vision approach. Analytical Science Advances, 6 (1). e70008. ISSN 2628-5452 (https://doi.org/10.1002/ansa.70008)

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Abstract

Abuse of xylazine is an immediate global public health concern. We report the distinct and measurable colour changes when xylazine is exposed to the Mandelin, Marquis and Mecke presumptive test reagents. The colour changes observed with xylazine are distinct from those of drugs that give colour changes from the same presumptive tests. To overcome the subjective limitations of determining spot test results by-eye, we applied image and video analyses to quantify the distinctive features of presumptive tests with xylazine and thus differentiate it from other illicit substances tested under the same conditions, including morphine, fentanyl, heroin and methamphetamine. Herein, experimental protocols utilising Kineticolor, a computer vision software, were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively study presumptive tests for xylazine detection. To the best of our knowledge, these findings represent the first presumptive test strategy towards specific, quantifiable and potentially field-ready detection of xylazine.

ORCID iDs

McCabe, Timothy J. D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2524-0513

Barrington, Henry ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2978-670X

Carlysle-Davies, Felicity ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2256-796X

Ceniccola-Campos, Kristin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2506-0750

Reid, Marc ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-3132

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• Item metadata

  Item type:	Article
  ID code:	92444
  Dates:	Date Event 1 June 2025 Published 1 April 2025 Published Online 6 March 2025 Accepted
  Subjects:	Science > Chemistry
  Department:	Faculty of Science > Pure and Applied Chemistry
  Depositing user:	Pure Administrator
  Date deposited:	25 Mar 2025 12:07
  Last modified:	02 Apr 2025 08:58
  URI:	https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/92444