Logistics of unfreedom : the labour trafficking of Venezuelan truck drivers in Brazil
Portes Virginio, Francis and dos Santos Ferreira, Livia (2023) Logistics of unfreedom : the labour trafficking of Venezuelan truck drivers in Brazil. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. pp. 1-18. ISSN 1472-3425 (https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544231213196)
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Abstract
This article examines the trafficking of Venezuelan truck drivers for labour exploitation in Brazil. The remilitarisation of politics is increasingly a hallmark of elite-driven strategies to manage the circulation of labour and goods from extractive zones. This article introduces the notion of logistics of unfreedom to explain the growing imbrication between techniques of control by the state and corporations that confine the reproduction of migrants within the realm of logistics processes. The analysis focuses on data from participatory observations and the narratives of twenty-two Venezuelan refugees who were trafficked from a militarised humanitarian zone in Brazil’s Amazon to work for a freight road transport company in Southern Brazil. Findings show that a concerted logistic approach to refugee employment channelled mobility, constrained statutory protection and shaped the ethno-political differentiation of Venezuelans in the labour market. This forced Venezuelans to live in trucks where both productive and socially reproductive aspects of their daily lives were overdetermined by the rhythms of goods distribution. The article concludes that this logistic rationale has converged towards a self-contained regime of labour unfreedom that facilitates the labour trafficking of Venezuelan refugees. Este artigo examina o tráfico de caminhoneiros venezuelanos para exploração laboral no Brasil. A crescente remilitarização da política é uma marca distintiva de estratégias elitistas para gerir a circulação de trabalho e bens em zonas de extração. Este artigo introduz a noção de logística da não-liberdade para explicar a crescente imbricação entre técnicas de controle do Estado e das corporações que confinam a reprodução social de migrantes no âmbito dos processos logísticos. A análise concentra-se em dados de observações participativas e nas narrativas de vinte e dois refugiados venezuelanos que foram traficados de uma zona humanitária militarizada na Amazônia brasileira para trabalhar para uma empresa de transporte de carga no sul do Brasil. As conclusões mostram que uma abordagem logística foi concertada para canalizar a mobilidade, restringir a protecção legal e moldar a diferenciação étnico-política dos venezuelanos no mercado de trabalho. Isso forçou os venezuelanos a viver nos caminhões onde tanto os aspectos produtivos como os socialmente reprodutivos de suas vidas quotidianas eram sobredeterminados pelos ritmos de distribuição de mercadorias. O artigo conclui que a concertada abordagem logística criou um regime autónomo de controle que facilita o tráfico laboral de refugiados venezuelanos.
ORCID iDs
Portes Virginio, Francis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-8987 and dos Santos Ferreira, Livia;-
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Item type: Article ID code: 87172 Dates: DateEvent10 November 2023Published10 November 2023Published Online24 May 2023Accepted28 September 2022SubmittedSubjects: Social Sciences > Social Sciences (General) Department: Strathclyde Business School > Work, Organisation and Employment Depositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 06 Nov 2023 08:27 Last modified: 21 Nov 2024 01:24 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/87172