Automated machine learning strategies for multi-parameter optimisation of a cesium-based portable zero-field magnetometer

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Dawson, Rach and O'Dwyer, Carolyn and Irwin, Edward and Mrozowski, Marcin S. and Hunter, Dominic and Ingleby, Stuart and Riis, Erling and Griffin, Paul F. (2023) Automated machine learning strategies for multi-parameter optimisation of a cesium-based portable zero-field magnetometer. Sensors, 23 (8). 4007. ISSN 1424-8220 (https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084007)

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Abstract

Machine learning (ML) is an effective tool to interrogate complex systems to find optimal parameters more efficiently than through manual methods. This efficiency is particularly important for systems with complex dynamics between multiple parameters and a subsequent high number of parameter configurations, where an exhaustive optimisation search would be impractical. Here we present a number of automated machine learning strategies utilised for optimisation of a single-beam caesium (Cs) spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) optically pumped magnetometer (OPM). The sensitivity of the OPM (T/pHz), is optimised through direct measurement of the noise floor, and indirectly through measurement of the on-resonance demodulated gradient (mV/nT) of the zero-field resonance. Both methods provide a viable strategy for the optimisation of sensitivity through effective control of the OPM’s operational parameters. Ultimately, this machine learning approach increased the optimal sensitivity from 500 fT/pHz to < 109 fT/pHz. The flexibility and efficiency of the ML approaches can be utilised to benchmark SERF OPM sensor hardware improvements, such as cell geometry, alkali species and sensor topologies.

ORCID iDs

Dawson, Rach ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-3066, O'Dwyer, Carolyn ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-6504, Irwin, Edward, Mrozowski, Marcin S., Hunter, Dominic ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-6027, Ingleby, Stuart ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-9949, Riis, Erling ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-5302 and Griffin, Paul F. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-7554;
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