Evaluation of Namibia's antiretroviral therapy guidelines' recommendations for switching from first-line to second-line, using predictors of first-line treatment failure : an exploratory study

Kalemeera, F and Ndevahoma, St and Mubita, M and Godman, Brian (2022) Evaluation of Namibia's antiretroviral therapy guidelines' recommendations for switching from first-line to second-line, using predictors of first-line treatment failure : an exploratory study. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 20 (6). pp. 915-921. ISSN 1744-8336 (https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2022.2015325)

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Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the extent to which the antiretroviral therapy (ART) switching guidelines were complied with and to assess whether immediate switching from first- to second-line ART would have been appropriate than attempting to comply with the guidelines. Methods: A case–control study. Cases and controls were patients on second- and first-line ART, respectively. Regression analysis was used to identify factors that were associated with switching to second-line ART. Confidence level was 95% and significance at a p-value <0.05. Results: 81 cases and 102 controls were included. VLs at six and 9 months were implemented for 8.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Switching predictors were poor adherence (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] = 20.3 (p = 0.013); a first VL >1000 copies/ml (aHR = 20.2), <0.001); opportunistic infections (aHR = 12.9, p = 0.006); male gender (aHR = 5.2, p = 0.003); and lack of adherence counseling (aHR = 3.8 p = 0.024). Conclusion: AVL >1000 copies/ml was a predictor of switching. New local research is underway, with a large number of patients, to assess whether this finding applies to the dolutegravir-based regimens.

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