Fabrication and characterization of a novel photoactive based (0-3) piezocomposite material with potential as a functional material for additive manufacturing of piezoelectric sensors

Omoniyi, O.A. and Mansour, R. and Cardona, M. J. and Briuglia, M. L. and O'Leary, R. L. and Windmill, J. F. C. (2021) Fabrication and characterization of a novel photoactive based (0-3) piezocomposite material with potential as a functional material for additive manufacturing of piezoelectric sensors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32. 11883–11892. ISSN 0957-4522 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05818-5)

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Abstract

The development of 3D-printed sensors and actuators from piezocomposite materials has increased in recent years due to the ease of production, low-cost and improved functionality additive manufacturing provides. The piezocomposite material developed in this work has the potential to be used as a functional material in stereolithographic additive manufacturing by combining the optical, viscoelastic properties of NOA 65 and the piezoelectric properties of Barium Titanate. The new (0-3) piezocomposite material consists of Norland Optical Adhesive 65 (NOA 65) as the polymer matrix and Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) with particles sizes (100 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm) as the dielectric filler. We synthesized thin film samples of the (0-3) piezocomposite with 60% w/w BaTiO3 using solution mixing and spin coating method to produce samples with layer thickness of 100 μm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to analyze the microstructure of the piezocomposite to determine the effect of different particles sizes of BaTiO3 on the structural and mechanical properties of the composite. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 was also measured using the laser vibrometer technique. Both single point scans and full surface scans were carried out to obtain the average piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the composite material. The results of the SEM confirmed the (0-3) structure of the piezocomposite material with isolated BaTiO3 nanoparticles. It further showed the uniform distribution of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles across each of the samples. FTIR analysis showed that the filler nanoparticles had no effect on the native structure of the polymer matrix. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the piezocomposite material was observed to increase with increasing BaTiO3 particle sizes, while the indentation modulus of the composite investigated using the method of Oliver and Pharr was observed to decrease with an increase in particle size. Results from the single point scans showed the composite with BaTiO3 particle size 100 nm, 200 nm and 500 nm having an average d33 of 2.1 pm/V, 3.0 pm/V and 3.9 pm/V while the average d33 obtained from the full surface scan of 1430 scan points showed 1.4 pm/V, 6.1 pm/V, 7.2 pm/V.

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