Overview of undulator concepts for attosecond single-cycle light

Mak, Alan and Shamuilov, Georgii and Salén, Peter and Hebling, János and Kida, Yuichiro and McNeil, Brian and Tanaka, Takashi and Thompson, Neil and Dunning, David and Tibai, Zoltán and Tóth, Gyōrgy and Goryashko, Vitaliy (2018) Overview of undulator concepts for attosecond single-cycle light. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1067. ISSN 1742-6588 (https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1067/3/032016)

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Abstract

The production of intense attosecond light pulses is an active area in accelerator research, motivated by the stringent demands of attosecond science: (i) short pulse duration for resolving the fast dynamics of electrons in atoms and molecules; (ii) high photon flux for probing and controlling such dynamics with high precision. While the free-electron laser (FEL) can deliver the highest brilliance amongst laboratory x-ray sources today, the pulse duration is typically 10–100 femtoseconds. A major obstacle to attaining attosecond duration is that the number of optical cycles increases with every undulator period. Hence, an FEL pulse typically contains tens or hundreds of cycles. In recent years, several novel concepts have been proposed to shift this paradigm, providing the basis for single-cycle pulses and paving the way towards high-brilliance attosecond light sources. This article gives an overview of these concepts.