The IMPROVE guidelines (ischaemia models: procedural refinements of in vivo experiments)

Percie du Sert, Nathalie and Alfieri, Alessio and Allan, Stuart M and Carswell, Hilary VO and Deuchar, Graeme A and Farr, Tracy D and Flecknell, Paul and Gallagher, Lindsay and Gibson, Claire L and Haley, Michael J and Macleod, Malcolm R and McColl, Barry W and McCabe, Christopher and Morancho, Anna and Moon, Lawrence DF and O’Neill, Michael J and Pérez de Puig, Isabel and Planas, Anna and Ragan, C Ian and Rosell, Anna and Roy, Lisa A and Ryder, Kathryn O and Simats, Alba and Sena, Emily S and Sutherland, Brad A and Tricklebank, Mark D and Trueman, Rebecca C and Whitfield, Lucy and Wong, Raymond and Macrae, I Mhairi (2017) The IMPROVE guidelines (ischaemia models: procedural refinements of in vivo experiments). Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. pp. 1-30. ISSN 0271-678X (https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X17709185)

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Abstract

Most in vivo models of ischaemic stroke target the middle cerebral artery and a spectrum of stroke severities, from mild to substantial, can be achieved. This review describes opportunities to improve the in vivo modelling of ischaemic stroke and animal welfare. It provides a number of recommendations to minimise the level of severity in the most common rodent models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, while sustaining or improving the scientific outcomes. The recommendations cover basic requirements pre-surgery, selecting the most appropriate anaesthetic and analgesic regimen, as well as intraoperative and post-operative care. The aim is to provide support for researchers and animal care staff to refine their procedures and practices, and implement small incremental changes to improve the welfare of the animals used and to answer the scientific question under investigation. All recommendations are recapitulated in a summary poster (see supplementary information).

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