Solution preparation of two-dimensional covalently linked networks by polymerization of 1,3,5-Tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene on Au(111)

Eder, Georg and Smith, Emily F. and Cebula, Izabela and Heckl, Wolfgang M. and Beton, Peter H. and Lackinger, Markus (2013) Solution preparation of two-dimensional covalently linked networks by polymerization of 1,3,5-Tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene on Au(111). ACS Nano, 7 (4). pp. 3014-3021. ISSN 1936-0851 (https://doi.org/10.1021/nn400337v)

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Abstract

The polymerization of 1,3,5-tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene (TIPB) on Au(111) through covalent aryl-aryl coupling is accomplished using a solution-based approach and investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Drop-casting of the TIPB monomer onto Au(111) at room temperature results in poorly ordered noncovalent arrangements of molecules and partial dehalogenation. However, drop-casting on a preheated Au(111) substrate yields various topologically distinct covalent aggregates and networks. Interestingly, some of these covalent nanostructures do not adsorb directly on the Au(111) surface, but are loosely bound to a disordered layer of a mixture of chemisorbed iodine and molecules, a conclusion that is drawn from STM data and supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We argue that the gold surface becomes covered by a strongly chemisorbed iodine monolayer which eventually inhibits further polymerization.