Equidistribution of descents, adjacent pairs, and place-value pairs on permutations

Deutsch, Emeric and Kitaev, Sergey and Remmel, Jeffrey (2009) Equidistribution of descents, adjacent pairs, and place-value pairs on permutations. Journal of Integer Sequences, 12 (5). 09.5.1. (https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/journals/JIS/VOL12/Kitaev/...)

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Abstract

An $(X,Y)$-descent in a permutation is a pair of adjacent elements such that the first element is from $X$, the second element is from $Y$, and the first element is greater than the second one. An $(X,Y)$-adjacency in a permutation is a pair of adjacent elements such that the first one is from $X$ and the second one is from $Y$. An $(X,Y)$-place-value pair in a permutation is an element $y$ in position $x$, such that $y$ is in $Y$ and $x$ is in $X$. It turns out, that for certain choices of $X$ and $Y$ some of the three statistics above become equidistributed. Moreover, it is easy to derive the distribution formula for $(X,Y)$-place-value pairs thus providing distribution for other statistics under consideration too. This generalizes some results in the literature. As a result of our considerations, we get combinatorial proofs of several remarkable identities. We also conjecture existence of a bijection between two objects in question preserving a certain statistic.

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