Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Observing Run

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Ben Yaala, M. and Craig, K. and Fazio, M. and Gier, C. and Hill, P., The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration (2025) Swift-BAT GUANO Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Triggers in the Third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Observing Run. The Astrophysical Journal, 980 (2). 207. ISSN 1538-4357 (https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9749)

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Abstract

We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received with low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum-likelihood Non-imaging Transient Reconstruction and Temporal Search pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15–350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10−3 Hz, we compute the GW–BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.

ORCID iDs

Ben Yaala, M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-0875, Craig, K., Fazio, M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-9663, Gier, C. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-7943 and Hill, P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3531;
  • Item type:Article
    ID code:92086
    Dates:
    Date
    Event
    20 February 2025
    Published
    14 February 2025
    Published Online
    24 November 2024
    Accepted
    27 July 2024
    Submitted
    Subjects:Science > Physics
    Department:UNSPECIFIED
    Depositing user: Pure Administrator
    Date deposited:18 Feb 2025 11:41
    Last modified:20 Feb 2025 04:00
    URI:https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/92086
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