Real-time feedback improves imagined 3D primitive object classification from EEG

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Korik, Attila and du Bois, Naomi and Campbell, Gerard and O'Neill, Eamonn and Hay, Laura and Gilbert, Sam and Grealy, Madeleine and Coyle, Damien (2024) Real-time feedback improves imagined 3D primitive object classification from EEG. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 11 (1-2). pp. 61-85. ISSN 2326-2621 (https://doi.org/10.1080/2326263X.2024.2334558)

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Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) enable movement-independent information transfer from humans to computers. Decoding imagined 3D objects from electroencephalography (EEG) may improve design ideation in engineering design or image reconstruction from EEG for application in brain-computer interfaces, neuro-prosthetics, and cognitive neuroscience research. Object-imagery decoding studies, to date, predominantly employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and do not provide real-time feedback. We present four linked studies in a study series to investigate: (1) whether five imagined 3D primitive objects (sphere, cone, pyramid, cylinder, and cube) could be decoded from EEG; and (2) the influence of real-time feedback on decoding accuracy. Studies 1 (N = 10) and 2 (N = 3) involved a single-session and a multi-session design, respectively, without real-time feedback. Studies 3 (N = 2) and 4 (N = 4) involved multiple sessions, without and with real-time feedback. The four studies involved 69 sessions in total of which 26 sessions were online with real-time feedback (15,480 trials for offline and at least 6,840 trials for online sessions in total). We demonstrate that decoding accuracy over multiple sessions improves significantly with biased feedback (p = 0.004), compared to performance without feedback. This is the first study to show the effect of real-time feedback on the performance of primitive object-imagery BCI.

ORCID iDs

Korik, Attila, du Bois, Naomi, Campbell, Gerard ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0186-1464, O'Neill, Eamonn, Hay, Laura ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3259-9463, Gilbert, Sam, Grealy, Madeleine ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2823-8841 and Coyle, Damien;
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