Pulmonary arterial hypertension : sex matters
Dignam, Joshua P. and Sharma, Smriti and Stasinopoulos, Ioannis and MacLean, Margaret R. (2024) Pulmonary arterial hypertension : sex matters. British Journal of Pharmacology, 181 (7). pp. 938-966. ISSN 1476-5381 (https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.16277)
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disease of multifactorial origin. While registries have demonstrated that women are more susceptible to the disease, females with PAH have superior right ventricle (RV) function and a better prognosis than their male counterparts, a phenomenon referred to as the ‘estrogen paradox’. Numerous pre‐clinical studies have investigated the involvement of sex hormones in PAH pathobiology, often with conflicting results. However, recent advances suggest that abnormal estrogen synthesis, metabolism and signalling underpin the sexual dimorphism of this disease. Other sex hormones, such as progesterone, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone may also play a role. Several non‐hormonal factor including sex chromosomes and epigenetics have also been implicated. Though the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex, several compounds that modulate sex hormones levels and signalling are under investigation in PAH patients. Further elucidation of the estrogen paradox will set the stage for the identification of additional therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Item type: Article ID code: 86992 Dates: DateEvent1 April 2024Published8 November 2023Published Online11 October 2023AcceptedSubjects: Medicine > Medicine (General) Department: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Depositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 18 Oct 2023 13:39 Last modified: 25 Sep 2024 00:50 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/86992