Raman spectroscopic analysis of skin as a diagnostic tool for Human African Trypanosomiasis

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Girard, Alexandre and Cooper, Anneli and Mabbott, Samuel and Bradley, Barbara and Asiala, Steven and Jamieson, Lauren and Clucas, Caroline and Capewell, Paul and Marchesi, Francesco and Gibbins, Matthew P and Hentzschel, Franziska and Marti, Matthias and Quintana, Juan F and Garside, Paul and Faulds, Karen and MacLeod, Annette and Graham, Duncan (2021) Raman spectroscopic analysis of skin as a diagnostic tool for Human African Trypanosomiasis. PLOS Pathogens, 17 (11). e1010060. ISSN 1553-7366 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010060)

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Abstract

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been responsible for several deadly epidemics throughout the 20th century, but a renewed commitment to disease control has significantly reduced new cases and motivated a target for the elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense-HAT by 2030. However, the recent identification of latent human infections, and the detection of trypanosomes in extravascular tissues hidden from current diagnostic tools, such as the skin, has added new complexity to identifying infected individuals. New and improved diagnostic tests to detect Trypanosoma brucei infection by interrogating the skin are therefore needed. Recent advances have improved the cost, sensitivity and portability of Raman spectroscopy technology for non-invasive medical diagnostics, making it an attractive tool for gambiense-HAT detection. The aim of this work was to assess and develop a new non-invasive diagnostic method for T. brucei through Raman spectroscopy of the skin. Infections were performed in an established murine disease model using the animal-infective Trypanosoma brucei brucei subspecies. The skin of infected and matched control mice was scrutinized ex vivo using a confocal Raman microscope with 532 nm excitation and in situ at 785 nm excitation with a portable field-compatible instrument. Spectral evaluation and Principal Component Analysis confirmed discrimination of T. brucei-infected from uninfected tissue, and a characterisation of biochemical changes in lipids and proteins in parasite-infected skin indicated by prominent Raman peak intensities was performed. This study is the first to demonstrate the application of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of T. brucei by targeting the skin of the host. The technique has significant potential to discriminate between infected and non-infected tissue and could represent a unique, non-invasive diagnostic tool in the goal for elimination of gambiense-HAT as well as for Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT).

ORCID iDs

Girard, Alexandre ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-5303, Cooper, Anneli, Mabbott, Samuel, Bradley, Barbara, Asiala, Steven ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-9915, Jamieson, Lauren ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-2964, Clucas, Caroline, Capewell, Paul, Marchesi, Francesco, Gibbins, Matthew P, Hentzschel, Franziska, Marti, Matthias, Quintana, Juan F, Garside, Paul, Faulds, Karen ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-7399, MacLeod, Annette and Graham, Duncan ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-2105;
  • Item type:Article
    ID code:78728
    Dates:
    Date
    Event
    15 November 2021
    Published
    15 November 2021
    Published Online
    23 October 2021
    Accepted
    4 March 2021
    Submitted
    Subjects:Science > Chemistry
    Department:Faculty of Science > Pure and Applied Chemistry
    Depositing user: Pure Administrator
    Date deposited:29 Nov 2021 16:02
    Last modified:11 Nov 2024 13:18
    URI:https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/78728
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