Subunit antigen delivery : emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines
Khalifa, Al Zahraa and Perrie, Yvonne and Shahiwala, Aliasgar (2025) Subunit antigen delivery : emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. pp. 1-15. ISSN 1742-5247 (https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088)
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Abstract
Introduction Developing new vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases has gained more significance after the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for preventing infectious diseases, and subunit antigens are a safer alternative to traditional live, attenuated, and inactivated vaccines. Areas covered Challenges in delivering subunit antigens and the status of different vaccine adjuvants. Recent research developments involving emulsion and liposomal adjuvants and their compositions and properties affecting their adjuvancy. Expert opinion Lipid-based adjuvants, e.g. emulsions and liposomes, represent a paradigm shift in vaccine technology by enabling robust humoral and cellular immune responses with lower antigen doses, a property that is particularly critical during pandemics or in resource-limited settings. These adjuvants can optimize vaccine administration strategies by potentially reducing the frequency of booster doses, thereby improving patient compliance and lowering healthcare costs. While emulsions excel in dose-sparing and broadening immune responses, liposomes offer customization and precision in antigen delivery. However, the broader clinical application of these technologies is not without challenges. Stability issues, e.g. the susceptibility of emulsion-based adjuvants to freezing and their reliance on cold-chain logistics, pose significant barriers to their use in remote/underserved regions. Future developments will likely focus on improving manufacturing scalability and cost-effectiveness.
ORCID iDs
Khalifa, Al Zahraa, Perrie, Yvonne
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Item type: Article ID code: 92332 Dates: DateEvent1 March 2025Published1 March 2025Published Online26 February 2025Accepted18 March 2024SubmittedSubjects: Medicine > Biomedical engineering. Electronics. Instrumentation
Medicine > Pharmacy and materia medica > Pharmaceutical technologyDepartment: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
University of Strathclyde > University of StrathclydeDepositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 13 Mar 2025 16:51 Last modified: 13 Mar 2025 16:51 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/92332