Enantiopurity by directed evolution of crystal stabilities and nonequilibrium crystallization
Pinetre, Clément and van Dongen, Sjoerd W. and Brandel, Clément and Léonard, Anne-Sophie and Charpentier, Maxime D. and Dupray, Valérie and Oosterling, Kasper and Kaptein, Bernard and Leeman, Michel and Kellogg, Richard M. and ter Horst, Joop H. and Noorduin, Willem L. (2025) Enantiopurity by directed evolution of crystal stabilities and nonequilibrium crystallization. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 147 (10). pp. 8864-8870. ISSN 1520-5126 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00569)
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Abstract
Crystallization is a powerful method to isolate enantiopure molecules from racemates if enantiomers self-sort into separate enantiopure crystals. Unfortunately, this behavior is unpredictable and rare (5–10%), as both enantiomers predominantly crystallize together to form racemic crystals, hindering any such chiral sorting. These unfavorable statistics might be overcome using nonequilibrium conditions. Therefore, we systematically characterize energy differences (ΔGΦ) between racemic and enantiopure crystal phases for libraries of target molecules (phenylglycine, praziquantel) with different chemical modifications. Surprisingly, these libraries reveal wide but similar continuous distributions of ΔGΦ, wherein similar chemical modifications group together. This grouping allows a directed evolution strategy to discover racemic crystals with low ΔGΦ for isolating desired enantiomers by crystallization under nonequilibrium conditions. Comparison with over a hundred previously reported compounds suggests that as many as half of all chiral molecules may kinetically form enantiopure crystals (∼50%). These insights open new previously unconsidered possibilities for isolating
ORCID iDs
Pinetre, Clément, van Dongen, Sjoerd W., Brandel, Clément, Léonard, Anne-Sophie, Charpentier, Maxime D., Dupray, Valérie, Oosterling, Kasper, Kaptein, Bernard, Leeman, Michel, Kellogg, Richard M., ter Horst, Joop H.
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Item type: Article ID code: 92259 Dates: DateEvent12 March 2025Published24 February 2025Published Online14 February 2025AcceptedSubjects: Science > Chemistry > Crystallography Department: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Depositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 06 Mar 2025 11:05 Last modified: 14 Mar 2025 11:50 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/92259