Nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside therapy in paediatrics : experiences from a leading referral hospital in Kenya

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Nyaboke, Emmah and Guantai, Anastasia and Oluka, Margaret and Mutai, Beatrice and Godman, Brian and Kurdi, Amanj and Bennie, Marion and Okumu, Mitchel (2024) Nephrotoxicity associated with aminoglycoside therapy in paediatrics : experiences from a leading referral hospital in Kenya. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 6 (5). dlae143. ISSN 2632-1823 (https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlae143)

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Abstract

Introduction: This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of nephrotoxicity in paediatric patients receiving aminoglycoside therapy at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in Kenya. Methods: Between July and September 2018, a prospective cohort study involving children receiving aminoglycoside treatment was carried out at KNH. Before beginning and after finishing the aminoglycoside therapy, the levels of serum creatinine were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patients’ clinical and sociodemographic features. Associations between nephrotoxicity and maternal and paediatric variables were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The final analysis comprised 195 children and the prevalence of nephrotoxicity was 10.3%. Neonates made up 28.7% (58/195) of the total and their risk of developing nephrotoxicity was 3.54 (95% CI 1.6–8.21) times higher than that of other children (P= 0.003). Neonates with low birth weight were 4.73 (95% CI: 1.8–12.5) times more likely to develop nephrotoxicity than those whose birth weight was >2500 g (P= 0.002). Neonatal patients with sepsis had a 4.91 (95% CI: 2.07–11.62) times greater association with acute kidney injury than neonates receiving treatment for other illnesses (P= 0.001). Sixty-five percent (13/20) of children who developed nephrotoxicity were switched to cephalosporins. Conclusions: Aminoglycosides were more nephrotoxic to asphyxiated, low-birth-weight neonates with sepsis. Routine monitoring of kidney function should be done within 72 h of starting aminoglycoside treatment in all neonates.

ORCID iDs

Nyaboke, Emmah, Guantai, Anastasia, Oluka, Margaret, Mutai, Beatrice, Godman, Brian, Kurdi, Amanj ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1988, Bennie, Marion ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-629X and Okumu, Mitchel;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)