An optrode array for spatiotemporally-precise large-scale optogenetic stimulation of deep cortical layers in non-human primates

Clark, Andrew M. and Ingold, Alexander and Reiche, Christopher F. and Cundy III, Donald and Balsor, Justin L. and Federer, Frederick and McAlinden, Niall and Cheng, Yunzhou and Rolston, John D. and Rieth, Loren and Dawson, Martin D. and Mathieson, Keith and Blair, Steve and Angelucci, Alessandra (2024) An optrode array for spatiotemporally-precise large-scale optogenetic stimulation of deep cortical layers in non-human primates. Communications Biology, 7. 329. ISSN 2399-3642 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05984-2)

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Abstract

Optogenetics has transformed studies of neural circuit function, but remains challenging to apply to non-human primates (NHPs). A major challenge is delivering intense, spatiotemporally-precise, patterned photostimulation across large volumes in deep tissue. Such stimulation is critical, for example, to modulate selectively deep-layer corticocortical feedback circuits. To address this need, we have developed the Utah Optrode Array (UOA), a 10×10 glass needle waveguide array fabricated atop a novel opaque optical interposer, and bonded to an electrically addressable µLED array. In vivo experiments with the UOA demonstrated large-scale, spatiotemporally precise, activation of deep circuits in NHP cortex. Specifically, the UOA permitted both focal (confined to single layers/columns), and widespread (multiple layers/columns) optogenetic activation of deep layer neurons, as assessed with multi-channel laminar electrode arrays, simply by varying the number of activated µLEDs and/or the irradiance. Thus, the UOA represents a powerful optoelectronic device for targeted manipulation of deep-layer circuits in NHP models.

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