An optrode array for spatiotemporally precise large-scale optogenetic stimulation of deep cortical layers in non-human primates

Clark, Andrew M. and Ingold, Alexander and Reiche, Christopher F. and Cundy III, Donald and Balsor, Justin L. and Federer, Frederick and McAlinden, Niall and Cheng, Yunzhou and Rolston, John D. and Rieth, Loren and Dawson, Martin D. and Mathieson, Keith and Blair, Steve and Angelucci, Alessandra (2023) An optrode array for spatiotemporally precise large-scale optogenetic stimulation of deep cortical layers in non-human primates. Other. bioRxiv, Cold Spring Harbor, NY. (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.09.479779)

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Abstract

Optogenetics has transformed studies of neural circuit function, but remains challenging to apply in large brains, such as those of non-human primates (NHPs). A major challenge is delivering intense, spatiotemporally precise, patterned photostimulation across large volumes in deep tissue. Such stimulation is critical, for example, to modulate selectively deep-layer corticocortical feedback projections. To address this unmet need, we have developed the Utah Optrode Array (UOA), a 10×10 glass needle waveguide array fabricated atop a novel opaque optical interposer then bonded to an electrically addressable μLED array. In vivo experiments with the UOA demonstrated large-scale, spatiotemporally precise, activation of deep circuits in monkey cortex. Specifically, the UOA permitted both focal (confined to single layers/columns), and widespread (multiple layers/columns) optogenetic activation of deep layer neurons, simply by varying the number of activated μLEDs and/or the irradiance. Thus, the UOA represents a powerful optoelectronic device for targeted manipulation of deep-layer circuits in NHP models.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.

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