The preclinical validation of 405 nm light parasiticidal efficacy on Leishmania donovani in ex vivo platelets in a rag2−/− mouse model
Kaldhone, Pravin R. and Azodi, Nazli and Markle, Hannah L. and Dahiya, Neetu and Stewart, Caitlin and Anderson, John and MacGregor, Scott and Maclean, Michelle and Nakhasi, Hira L. and Gannavaram, Sreenivas and Atreya, Chintamani (2024) The preclinical validation of 405 nm light parasiticidal efficacy on Leishmania donovani in ex vivo platelets in a rag2−/− mouse model. Microorganisms, 12 (2). 280. ISSN 2076-2607 (https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12020280)
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Abstract
Violet–blue light of 405 nm in the visible spectrum at a dose of 270 J/cm2 alone has been shown to be an effective microbicidal tool for inactivating several bacteria, HIV-1, and Trypanosoma cruzi in ex vivo plasma and platelets. Unlike chemical- and ultraviolet (UV)-based pathogen inactivation methods for plasma and platelet safety, 405 nm light is shown to be less toxic to host cells at light doses that are microbicidal. In this report, we evaluated the parasiticidal activity of a 405 nm light treatment on platelets spiked with the Leishmania donovani parasite. Following the light treatment, parasite viability was observed to be near zero in both low- and high-titer-spiked platelets relative to controls. Furthermore, to test the residual infectivity after inactivation in vivo, the light-treated low-titer L. donovani-spiked platelets were evaluated in an immunodeficient Rag2−/− mouse model and monitored for 9 weeks. The parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light was evident from the lack of a presence of parasites in the mice spleens. Parasiticidal activity was confirmed to be mediated through 405 nm light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), as quantitatively measured by a 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)-based assay. Overall, these results confirm the complete inactivation of L. donovani spiked in ex vivo platelets by 405 nm light treatment and exemplify the utility of the Rag2−/− mouse infection model for the preclinical validation of the parasiticidal efficacy of 405 nm light and this light-based technology as a potential PRT for ex vivo platelets.
ORCID iDs
Kaldhone, Pravin R., Azodi, Nazli, Markle, Hannah L., Dahiya, Neetu, Stewart, Caitlin, Anderson, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-1619, MacGregor, Scott ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-585X, Maclean, Michelle ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-0397, Nakhasi, Hira L., Gannavaram, Sreenivas and Atreya, Chintamani;-
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Item type: Article ID code: 87971 Dates: DateEvent29 January 2024Published19 January 2024Accepted27 December 2023SubmittedSubjects: Science > Microbiology Department: Faculty of Engineering > Electronic and Electrical Engineering Depositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 30 Jan 2024 09:20 Last modified: 26 Oct 2024 00:42 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/87971