Roadmap on exsolution for energy applications

Neagu, Dragos and Irvine, J T S and Wang, Jiayue and Yildiz, Bilge and Opitz, Alexander K and Fleig, Jüergen and Wang, Yuhao and Liu, Jiapeng and Shen, Longyun and Ciucci, Francesco and Rosen, Brian A and Xiao, Yongchun and Xie, Kui and Yang, Guangming and Shao, Zongping and Zhang, Yubo and Reinke, Jakob and Schmauss, Travis A and Barnett, Scott A and Maring, Roelf and Kyriakou, Vasileios and Mushtaq, Usman and Tsampas, Mihalis N and Kim, Youdong and O'Hayre, Ryan and Carrillo, Alfonso J and Ruh, Thomas and Lindenthal, Lorenz and Schrenk, Florian and Rameshan, Christoph and Papaioannou, Evangelos I and Kousi, Kalliopi and Metcalfe, Ian S and Xu, Xiaoxiang and Liu, Gang (2023) Roadmap on exsolution for energy applications. Journal of Physics: Energy, 5 (3). 031501. ISSN 2515-7655 (https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/acd146)

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Abstract

Over the last decade, exsolution has emerged as a powerful new method for decorating oxide supports with uniformly dispersed nanoparticles for energy and catalytic applications. Due to their exceptional anchorage, resilience to various degradation mechanisms, as well as numerous ways in which they can be produced, transformed and applied, exsolved nanoparticles have set new standards for nanoparticles in terms of activity, durability and functionality. In conjunction with multifunctional supports such as perovskite oxides, exsolution becomes a powerful platform for the design of advanced energy materials. In the following sections, we review the current status of the exsolution approach, seeking to facilitate transfer of ideas between different fields of application. We also explore future directions of research, particularly noting the multi-scale development required to take the concept forward, from fundamentals through operando studies to pilot scale demonstrations.

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