Antiviral and antibacterial properties of phloroglucinols : a review on naturally occurring and (semi)synthetic derivatives with potential therapeutic interest

Peron, Gregorio and López, Alice M. and Cabada-Aquirre, Paulina and Garay Buenrosto, Karen D. and Ostos Mendoza, Keila C. and Mahady, Gail B. and Seidel, Veronique and Sytar, Oksana and Koirala, Niranjan and Gurung, Roshani and Acharya, Zenisha and Adhikari, Sundar and Sureda, Antoni and Martorell, Miquel and Sharifi-Rad, Javad (2024) Antiviral and antibacterial properties of phloroglucinols : a review on naturally occurring and (semi)synthetic derivatives with potential therapeutic interest. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 44 (2). pp. 319-336. ISSN 0738-8551 (https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2022.2160695)

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Abstract

Phloroglucinol and derived compounds comprise a huge class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and brown algae. A vast array of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer has been associated to this class of compounds. In this review, the available data on the antiviral and antibacterial capacity of phloroglucinols have been analyzed. Some of these compounds and derivatives show important antimicrobial properties in vitro. Phloroglucinols have been shown to be effective against viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes or enterovirus, and preliminary data through docking analysis suggest that they can be effective against SARS-CoV-19. Also, some phloroglucinols derivatives have shown antibacterial effects against diverse bacteria strains, including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and (semi)synthetic development of novel compounds have led to phloroglucinols with a significantly increased biological activity. However, therapeutic use of these compounds is hindered by the absence of in vivo studies and scarcity of information on their mechanisms of action, and hence further research efforts are required. On the basis of this consideration, our work aims to gather data regarding the efficacy of natural-occurring and synthetic phloroglucinol derivatives as antiviral and antibacterial agents against human pathogens, which have been published during the last three decades. The recollection of results reported in this review represents a valuable source of updated information that will potentially help researchers in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.

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