Tri-CNN : a three branch model for hyperspectral image classification

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Alkhatib, Mohammed Q. and Al-Saad, Mina and Aburaed, Nour and Almansoori, Saeed and Zabalza, Jaime and Marshall, Stephen and Ahmad, Hussain Al (2023) Tri-CNN : a three branch model for hyperspectral image classification. Remote Sensing, 15 (2). 316. ISSN 2072-4292 (https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020316)

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Abstract

Hyperspectral Image (HSI) classification methods that use Deep Learning (DL) have proven to be effective in recent years. In particular, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated extremely powerful performance in such tasks. However, the lack of training samples is one of the main contributors to low classification performance. Traditional CNN-based techniques under-utilize the inter-band correlations of HSI because they primarily use 2D-CNNs for feature extraction. Contrariwise, 3D-CNNs extract both spectral and spatial information using the same operation. While this overcomes the limitation of 2D-CNNs, it may lead to insufficient extraction of features. In order to overcome this issue, we propose an HSI classification approach named Tri-CNN which is based on a multi-scale 3D-CNN and three-branch feature fusion. We first extract HSI features using 3D-CNN at various scales. The three different features are then flattened and concatenated. To obtain the classification results, the fused features then traverse a number of fully connected layers and eventually a softmax layer. Experimental results are conducted on three datasets, Pavia University (PU), Salinas scene (SA) and GulfPort (GP) datasets, respectively. Classification results indicate that our proposed methodology shows remarkable performance in terms of the Overall Accuracy (OA), Average Accuracy (AA), and Kappa metrics when compared against existing methods.

ORCID iDs

Alkhatib, Mohammed Q., Al-Saad, Mina, Aburaed, Nour ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-0249, Almansoori, Saeed, Zabalza, Jaime ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-1725, Marshall, Stephen ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-5628 and Ahmad, Hussain Al;
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