Detection of qnr genes and gyrA mutation to quinolone phenotypic resistance of UTI pathogens in Bangladesh and the implications : resistance UTI pathogens Bangladesh

Haque, Tanjum Ara and Urmi, Umme Laila and Islam, Abul Bashar Mir Md Khademul and Ara, Bayasrin and Nahar, Shamsun and Mosaddek, Abu Syed Md and Luguva, Halyna and Kumar, Santosh and Jahan, Dilshad and Rahman, Nor Azlina A and Haque, Mainul and Islam, Salequl and Godman, Brian (2022) Detection of qnr genes and gyrA mutation to quinolone phenotypic resistance of UTI pathogens in Bangladesh and the implications : resistance UTI pathogens Bangladesh. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. pp. 1-28. ISSN 2231-3354 (In Press)

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Abstract

Background: Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and mutations within the quin-olone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) bequeath to the advent of quinolone-resistant path-ogenic microbes. This research was designed to assess the roles of three PMQR genes, qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS, and any mutation in the gyrA gene in the QRDR region as a process of quino-lone/fluoroquinolone resistance to urinary tract infection (UTI) bacteria in Bangladesh to guide fu-ture management of UTIs. Methods: Pathogens from UTIs were isolated and identified, and their phenotype antibiotic susceptibilities were tested for lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and na-lidixic acid. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected the qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS genes. PCR and se-quencing were performed to evaluate any mutation within the QRDRs of the gyrA gene. Results: Of 100 UTI bacteria, phenotypic resistance was observed in 95.0%, 89.0%, 83.0%, and 71.0% against lomefloxacin, nalidixic acid, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. PMQR genes: qnrS, qnrA, and qnrB genes were found in 54.0%, 1.0%, and 4.0% of isolates, respectively. Sequencing the gyrA gene revealed single mutation (Ser-83 to Leu) and double mutations (Ser-83 to Leu and Asp-87 to Asn). PMQR genes showed a statistically non-significant association with phenotypic resistance. Conclu-sions: This study confirms the presence of QRDR mutations that were independent of PMQR quino-lone resistance genes. Consequently, high resistance against quinolones among uropathogens is ev-ident, and their future use needs to be moderated.

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