Time-resolved Raman spectrometer with high fluorescence rejection based on a CMOS SPAD line sensor and a 573 nm pulsed laser

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Talala, Tuomo and Kaikkonen, Ville A. and Keränen, Pekka and Nikkinen, Jari and Härkönen, Antti and Savitski, Vasili G. and Reilly, Sean and Dziechciarczyk, Łukasz and Kemp, Alan J. and Guina, Mircea and Mäkynen, Anssi J. and Nissinen, Ilkka (2021) Time-resolved Raman spectrometer with high fluorescence rejection based on a CMOS SPAD line sensor and a 573 nm pulsed laser. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70. 6004110. ISSN 0018-9456 (https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.3054679)

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Abstract

A time-resolved Raman spectrometer is demonstrated based on a 256\times 8 single-photon avalanche diodes fabricated in CMOS technology (CMOS SPAD) line sensor and a 573-nm fiber-coupled diamond Raman laser delivering pulses with duration below 100-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). The collected backscattered light from the sample is dispersed on the line sensor using a custom volume holographic grating having 1800 lines/mm. Efficient fluorescence rejection in the Raman measurements is achieved due to a combination of time gating on sub-100-ps time scale and a 573-nm excitation wavelength. To demonstrate the performance of the spectrometer, fluorescent oil samples were measured. For organic sesame seed oil having a continuous wave (CW) mode fluorescence-to-Raman ratio of 10.5 and a fluorescence lifetime of 2.7 ns, a signal-to-distortion value of 76.2 was achieved. For roasted sesame seed oil having a CW mode fluorescence-to-Raman ratio of 82 and a fluorescence lifetime of 2.2 ns, a signal-to-distortion value of 28.2 was achieved. In both cases, the fluorescence-to-Raman ratio was reduced by a factor of 24-25 owing to time gating. For organic oil, spectral distortion was dominated by dark counts, while for the more fluorescent roasted oil, the main source of spectral distortion was timing skew of the sensor. With the presented postprocessing techniques, the level of distortion could be reduced by 88%-89% for both samples. Compared with common 532-nm excitation, approximately 73% lower fluorescence-to-Raman ratio was observed for 573-nm excitation when analyzing the organic sesame seed oil.

ORCID iDs

Talala, Tuomo, Kaikkonen, Ville A., Keränen, Pekka, Nikkinen, Jari, Härkönen, Antti, Savitski, Vasili G., Reilly, Sean ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-7909, Dziechciarczyk, Łukasz, Kemp, Alan J. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-3138, Guina, Mircea, Mäkynen, Anssi J. and Nissinen, Ilkka;
  • Item type:Article
    ID code:75465
    Dates:
    Date
    Event
    26 January 2021
    Published
    5 January 2021
    Accepted
    Notes:© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting /republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
    Subjects:Science > Physics > Optics. Light
    Department:Faculty of Science > Physics > Institute of Photonics
    Faculty of Science > Physics
    Technology and Innovation Centre > Photonics
    Depositing user: Pure Administrator
    Date deposited:17 Feb 2021 10:00
    Last modified:11 Nov 2024 12:59
    Related URLs:
    URI:https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/75465
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