Degradation and mineralization of 4-tert-butylphenol in water using Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts

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Makhatova, Ardak and Ulykbanova, Gaukhar and Sadyk, Shynggys and Sarsenbay, Kali and Atabaev, Timur Sh. and Inglezakis, Vassilis J. and Poulopoulos, Stavros G. (2019) Degradation and mineralization of 4-tert-butylphenol in water using Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts. Scientific Reports, 9. 19284. ISSN 2045-2322 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55775-7)

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Abstract

In the present work, the photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of 4-tert-butylphenol in water was studied using Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under UV light irradiation. Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) were prepared using wet impregnation and characterized via SEM/EDS, XRD, XRF and TEM, while their photocatalytic activity and stability was attended via total organic carbon, 4-tert-butyl phenol, acetic acid, formic acid and leached iron concentrations measurements. The effect of H2O2 addition was also examined. The 4% Fe/TiO2 demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency in terms of total organic carbon removal (86%). The application of UV/H2O2 resulted in 31% total organic carbon removal and 100% 4-t-butylphenol conversion, however combining Fe/TiO2 catalysts with H2O2 under UV irradiation did not improve the photocatalytic performance. Increasing the content of iron on the catalyst from 0.5 to 4% considerably decreased the intermediates formed and increased the production of carbon dioxide. The photocatalytic degradation of 4-tert-butylphenol followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Leaching of iron was observed mainly in the case of 4% Fe/TiO2, but it was considered negligible taking into account the iron load on catalysts. The electric energy per order was found in the range of 28–147 kWh/m3/order and increased with increasing the iron content of the catalyst.

ORCID iDs

Makhatova, Ardak, Ulykbanova, Gaukhar, Sadyk, Shynggys, Sarsenbay, Kali, Atabaev, Timur Sh., Inglezakis, Vassilis J. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-0417 and Poulopoulos, Stavros G.;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)