Effect of s-triazine ring substitution on the synthesis of organic resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels
Prostredný, Martin and Ledingham, Caio and Principe, Ivan A. and Altoumi, Abdelkarim S. M. and Fletcher, Ashleigh J. (2020) Effect of s-triazine ring substitution on the synthesis of organic resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels. Gels, 6 (3). 21. ISSN 2310-2861 (https://doi.org/10.3390/gels6030021)
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Abstract
Resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) gel synthesis has been well-studied along with alternative reagents. We present the synthesis of formaldehyde-based xerogels using chemically similar s-triazine precursors, with comparison to traditional analogues. The substitution ranges from tri-hydroxyl to tri-amine, with an intermediate species, allowing changing chemistry to be investigated. Each molecule (X) offers different acid/base properties, known to influence gel formation, as well as differences in crosslinking potential. Varying X/F ratios were selected to recreate the stoichiometry used in RF systems, where one represented higher F to match the increased reaction sites of the additives. X/C ratios were selected to probe different catalyst (C) ratios, while working within the range likely to produce viable gels. Results obtained show little impact for ammeline as an additive due to its similarity to resorcinol (activation sites and pKa); while melamine and cyanuric acid show differing behavior depending on the level of addition. Low concentrations show melamine to have the most impact due to increased activation and competition for formaldehyde; while at high concentrations, cyanuric acid is shown to have the greatest impact as it creates a more acidic environment, which diminishes textural character, possibly attributable to larger clusters and/or weaker cross-linking of the system.
ORCID iDs
Prostredný, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-2408, Ledingham, Caio, Principe, Ivan A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7494-0105, Altoumi, Abdelkarim S. M. and Fletcher, Ashleigh J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-8887;-
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Item type: Article ID code: 73415 Dates: DateEvent31 July 2020Published29 July 2020Accepted29 May 2020SubmittedSubjects: Technology > Chemical engineering Department: Faculty of Science > Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
Faculty of Engineering > Chemical and Process EngineeringDepositing user: Pure Administrator Date deposited: 03 Aug 2020 20:37 Last modified: 27 Sep 2024 01:17 URI: https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/73415