Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents

Fairley, Michael and Bole, Leonie J. and Mulks, Florian F. and Main, Laura and Kennedy, Alan R. and O'Hara, Charles T. and García-Álvarez, Joaquin and Eva, Hevia (2020) Ultrafast amidation of esters using lithium amides under aerobic ambient temperature conditions in sustainable solvents. Chemical Science, 11 (25). pp. 6500-6509. ISSN 2041-6539 (https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC01349H)

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Abstract

Lithium amides constitute one of the most commonly used classes of reagents in synthetic chemistry. However, despite having many applications, their use is handicapped by the requirement of low temperatures, in order to control their reactivity, as well as the need for dry organic solvents and protective inert atmosphere protocols to prevent their fast decomposition. Advancing the development of air- and moisture-compatible polar organometallic chemistry, the chemoselective and ultrafast amidation of esters mediated by lithium amides is reported. Establishing a novel sustainable access to carboxamides, this has been accomplished via direct C-O bond cleavage of a range of esters using glycerol or 2-MeTHF as a solvent, in air. High yields and good selectivity are observed while operating at ambient temperature, without the need for transition-metal mediation, and the protocol extends to transamidation processes. Pre-coordination of the organic substrate to the reactive lithium amide as a key step in the amidation processes has been assessed, enabling the structural elucidation of the coordination adduct [{Li(NPh2)(OCPh(NMe2))}2] (8) when toluene is employed as a solvent. No evidence for formation of a complex of this type has been found when using donor THF as a solvent. Structural and spectroscopic insights into the constitution of selected lithium amides in 2-MeTHF are provided that support the involvement of small kinetically activated aggregates that can react rapidly with the organic substrates, favouring the C-O bond cleavage/C-N bond formation processes over competing hydrolysis/degradation of the lithium amides by moisture or air.

ORCID iDs

Fairley, Michael ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-0339, Bole, Leonie J., Mulks, Florian F., Main, Laura, Kennedy, Alan R. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-6015, O'Hara, Charles T., García-Álvarez, Joaquin and Eva, Hevia;
  • Item type:Article
    ID code:72270
    Dates:
    Date
    Event
    7 July 2020
    Published
    30 April 2020
    Published Online
    29 April 2020
    Accepted
    Subjects:Science > Chemistry
    Department:Faculty of Science > Pure and Applied Chemistry
    Depositing user: Pure Administrator
    Date deposited:05 May 2020 15:10
    Last modified:11 Nov 2024 12:39
    URI:https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/72270
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)