Measurement and analysis of PMU reporting latency for smart grid protection and control applications

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Blair, Steven M. and Syed, Mazheruddin H. and Roscoe, Andrew J. and Burt, Graeme M. and Braun, Jean-Pierre (2019) Measurement and analysis of PMU reporting latency for smart grid protection and control applications. IEEE Access, 7. pp. 48689-48698. 8665864. ISSN 2169-3536 (https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903929)

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Abstract

Emerging power system protection and control applications require faster-responding measurements and more accurate knowledge of the actual latency of the measurement and communications systems. A new method for accurately determining the reporting latency of a phasor measurement unit (PMU) has been developed and demonstrated. This method operates in real-time, works passively for any existing PMU without requiring changes to the PMU hardware or software, and it is very accurate - providing a measurement uncertainty of ¡500 ns in many cases, significantly surpassing the 0.002 s accuracy requirement in the most recent IEEE Synchrophasor standard. Only low-cost hardware and open source software are required. It is particularly important to understand end-to-end system latency, including the impact of local and wide-area communications, rather than just the latency of the PMU device; the proposed method also supports such practical measurements. It is therefore shown how this advance can be used to enable efficient, but realistic, cross-domain power system simulation studies, which incorporate measurement and communications delays. These capabilities address complexity and uncertainty in the design and operation of future PMU-based protection and control functions for new smart grid services.

ORCID iDs

Blair, Steven M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-4803, Syed, Mazheruddin H. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3147-0817, Roscoe, Andrew J. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-4265, Burt, Graeme M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-5919 and Braun, Jean-Pierre;
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