Geosynchronous inclined orbits for high-latitude communications

Fantino, E. and Flores, R.M. and Di Carlo, M. and Di Salvo, A. and Cabot, E. (2017) Geosynchronous inclined orbits for high-latitude communications. Acta Astronautica, 140. pp. 570-582. ISSN 0094-5765 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.09.014)

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Abstract

We present and discuss a solution to the growing demand for satellite telecommunication coverage in the high-latitude geographical regions (beyond N), where the signal from geostationary satellites is limited or unavailable. We focus on the dynamical issues associated to the design, the coverage, the maintenance and the disposal of a set of orbits selected for the purpose. Specifically, we identify a group of highly inclined, moderately eccentric geosynchronous orbits derived from the Tundra orbit (geosynchronous, eccentric and critically inclined). Continuous coverage can be guaranteed by a constellation of three satellites in equally spaced planes and suitably phased. By means of a high-precision model of the terrestrial gravity field and the relevant environmental perturbations, we study the evolution of these orbits. The effects of the different perturbations on the ground track (which is more important for coverage than the orbital elements themselves) are isolated and analyzed. The physical model and the numerical setup are optimized with respect to computing time and accuracy. We show that, in order to maintain the ground track unchanged, the key parameters are the orbital period and the argument of perigee. Furthermore, corrections to the right ascension of the ascending node are needed in order to preserve the relative orientation of the orbital planes. A station-keeping strategy that minimizes propellant consumption is then devised, and comparisons are made between the cost of a solution based on impulsive maneuvers and one with continuous thrust. Finally, the issue of end-of-life disposal is discussed.

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