Probability of meeting the restrained sitting guideline in early childhood : an international cross-sectional study

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Spring, Katherine E and Webster, E Kipling and Beyl, Robbie A and Abdeta, Chalchisa and Aoko, Oluwayomi Abolade and Bayasgalan, Jambaldorj and Byambaa, Ankhmaa and Chelly, Mohamed Souhaiel and Chia, Michael and Del Pozo-Cruz, Jesus and Draper, Catherine and Engberg, Elina and Ghofranipour, Fazlollah and Guan, Hongyan and Ha, Amy S and El Hamdouchi, Asmaa and Zarghani, Najmeh Hamzavi and Hossain, Mohammad Sorowar and Jáuregui, Alejandra and Koh, Denise and Kontsevaya, Anna and Löf, Marie and Lubree, Himangi and Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga and Reilly, John J and Tanaka, Chiaki and Teo, Wei-Peng and Turrab, Ali and Uzicanin, Edin and Veldman, Sanne and Okely, Anthony D and Katzmarzyk, Peter T and Staiano, Amanda E (2026) Probability of meeting the restrained sitting guideline in early childhood : an international cross-sectional study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. ISSN 1878-1861 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2026.04.018)

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Abstract

Objectives To estimate the proportion of children who meet the restrained sitting guidelines (i.e. <1 h in continuous restrained sedentary). The secondary aim was to determine which factors contribute to the probability a child will meet the restrained sitting guidelines. Design Secondary data analysis of 32 countries participating in the SUNRISE International Study. Methods Parent surveys were used to collect child demographic information and total restrained sitting. Physical activity was assessed with an accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT). A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the probability of a child meeting the restrained sitting guidelines based on sex, age, geographic region, time spent in a vehicle, and hours of total physical activity. Separate models were run by country income level. Results Final analysis included 2647 children (4.3 ± 0.5 years, 50.6% girls, 49.0% rural). Overall, 81.9% of participants met the restrained sitting guidelines. Odds of meeting the guidelines were 35% lower for children in urban areas and 71% lower for spending 60 min or more in a vehicle. Every additional hour of physical activity increased the odds of meeting the guidelines by a factor of 1.25. These relationships differed when stratified by country income level. Conclusions While most children meet the guidelines, a focus on children living in urban areas, spending more time in vehicles, and those who engage in less physical activity is warranted.

ORCID iDs

Spring, Katherine E, Webster, E Kipling, Beyl, Robbie A, Abdeta, Chalchisa, Aoko, Oluwayomi Abolade, Bayasgalan, Jambaldorj, Byambaa, Ankhmaa, Chelly, Mohamed Souhaiel, Chia, Michael, Del Pozo-Cruz, Jesus, Draper, Catherine, Engberg, Elina, Ghofranipour, Fazlollah, Guan, Hongyan, Ha, Amy S, El Hamdouchi, Asmaa, Zarghani, Najmeh Hamzavi, Hossain, Mohammad Sorowar, Jáuregui, Alejandra, Koh, Denise, Kontsevaya, Anna, Löf, Marie, Lubree, Himangi, Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga, Reilly, John J ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-5471, Tanaka, Chiaki, Teo, Wei-Peng, Turrab, Ali, Uzicanin, Edin, Veldman, Sanne, Okely, Anthony D, Katzmarzyk, Peter T and Staiano, Amanda E;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)