Characterization of PMU delay time : standard approaches and on-line metric validation

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Frigo, Guglielmo and Feng, Zhiwang and Barbalho, Pedro I. N. and Seferi, Yljon and Burt, Graeme (2026) Characterization of PMU delay time : standard approaches and on-line metric validation. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 75. 9003012. ISSN 0018-9456 (https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2026.3679078)

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Abstract

In modern power systems, monitoring and control applications are subject to stringent requirements in terms of responsiveness and accuracy. The reference technology in this sense is represented by the Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) which produce time-stamped measurements of synchrophasor, frequency, and rate-of-change-of-frequency. The delay introduced by different PMU acquisition and processing stages can be characterized in laboratory controlled conditions as per the relevant standards. This information, however, is hard to be integrated into online routines without prior knowledge of the system operating condition. To address this issue, this paper presents a PMU prototype which implements an online trust-worthiness metric, which can be used to preliminarily assess the measurement accuracy and track the settling time due to external disturbances. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed approach and its potential applicability to an emerging use case involving the online estimation of power system inertia level.

ORCID iDs

Frigo, Guglielmo, Feng, Zhiwang ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-0050, Barbalho, Pedro I. N., Seferi, Yljon ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-1949 and Burt, Graeme ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-5919;
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