An uneven playing field : a mixed methods, multiphase feasibility study of a programme to reduce gambling among at-risk men in a professional football club setting

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Biggar, Blair and Bunn, Christopher and Reith, Gerda and Wardle, Heather and Donnachie, Craig and Deidda, Manuela and Graham, Frankie and Gray, Cindy and Greenlaw, Nicola and Hunt, Kate and Philpott, Matthew and Platt, Neil and Rogers, Robert and Rooksby, John and Wyke, Sally (2026) An uneven playing field : a mixed methods, multiphase feasibility study of a programme to reduce gambling among at-risk men in a professional football club setting. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458 (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26845-z)

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Abstract

Background Sports betting is a growth area for the gambling industry, with football fans a key target of advertising. Men are particularly at risk from gambling harm. The 8-week Football Fans and Betting (FFAB) intervention was designed for delivery in professional football clubs by club community coaches to reduce sports betting and other forms of gambling among men aged 18–55 with a PGSI score of < 15. This paper reports the acceptability and feasibility of delivering FFAB in England. Methods We conducted a multiphase, mixed methods, feasibility study of the FFAB intervention, assessing feasibility through three criteria: recruitment, fidelity and acceptability. We generated quantitative process and attendance data to assess recruitment and retention, and observation, interview and focus group data to examine fidelity and acceptability. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, qualitative data using thematic analysis, before being combined using triangulation protocol to assess feasibility against the three criteria. Results FFAB was launched in six clubs. Despite multiple attempts to refine and improve recruitment processes, no club was able to recruit the target number of participants to the programme. Retention on the programme also faced challenges. The saturation of football’s commercial landscape by the gambling industry and stigma-related social dynamics appear to underpin these findings. Due to recruitment and retention challenges, fidelity criteria were not met. However, participants that attended the programme, and coaches that delivered it, reported that FFAB was acceptable and supported some to make changes to their gambling behaviours. Throughout the qualitative dataset, participants and coaches emphasised the necessity of intervention to prevent gambling harms among men. Conclusions We found that FFAB was acceptable to the coaches who delivered it and the participants who attended. However, our model for recruitment did not work, with consequences for fidelity. We also faced difficulties with retention. More feasibility work to develop a different approach to a gambling reduction with men between 18 and 55 with a PGSI score of less than 15 is required.

ORCID iDs

Biggar, Blair, Bunn, Christopher, Reith, Gerda, Wardle, Heather, Donnachie, Craig ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-3138, Deidda, Manuela, Graham, Frankie, Gray, Cindy, Greenlaw, Nicola, Hunt, Kate, Philpott, Matthew, Platt, Neil, Rogers, Robert, Rooksby, John and Wyke, Sally;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)