Bulk crystallisation of indomethacin from simple and complex solvents

Slavin, Paul A. and Sheen, David B. and Shepherd, Evelyn E. A. and Sherwood, John N. and Vrcelj, Ranko M. and Feeder, Neil and Milojevic, Snezana (2026) Bulk crystallisation of indomethacin from simple and complex solvents. Crystal Growth and Design. ISSN 1528-7505 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c01440)

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Abstract

Bulk crystallisation is the commonest method for the high-volume production of pharmaceutical ingredients. As the complexity of both active pharmaceutical ingredient and solvents increases, the behaviour of the solute within the solvents may also increase in complexity. This paper compares the nucleation and growth processes of a pharmaceutical ingredient, indomethacin in three solvents, which span the range of simple to complex. Much of the behaviour of indomethacin is mimicked across the solvents, with the γ form of indomethacin crystallising at low to medium supersaturations. At higher supersaturations, the complex solvents behave as do many other simple solvents in that the solvated β form of indomethacin is found. The great differences in induction time for nucleation and growth timescales for the simple and complex solvents is considered as a function of supersaturation and viscosity and shows that transport processes within the solution play an important role in the crystallisation behaviour of indomethacin.