Comparing poverty rates in Scotland and the rest of the UK

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Thompson, Spencer (2026) Comparing poverty rates in Scotland and the rest of the UK. Scottish Health Equity Research Unit.

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Abstract

Poverty rates are affected by a wide range of factors, including economic and demographic shifts as well as government policy. Comparing poverty rates in Scotland with those in the rest of the UK (rUK) can therefore help to contextualise Scotland’s performance in tackling poverty, indicating whether progress has been aided or inhibited by factors that are shared across the UK. Conversely, it can point to the existence of Scotland-specific factors that are acting to either increase or decrease the risk of living in poverty. Such comparisons do however rely on the data that is available. Official poverty rates are estimated by surveying a sample of households, which is then scaled up to represent the wider population. Although the sample is carefully designed, estimates will inevitably vary depending on exactly which households happen to be surveyed. Statistical significance is a technical way of taking this variability into account. It does not cover all possible sources of error; but if the difference in poverty rates between Scotland and rUK is statistically significant in a given time period, we can at least be confident that the pattern is systematically present in the data.

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