Numerical investigation of diesel injection effects on unburnt hydrogen emissions in a marine hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine

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Gu, Binteng and Zhou, Peilin and Chen, Ning and Mujeeb-Ahmed, M.P. and Yang, Lin (2026) Numerical investigation of diesel injection effects on unburnt hydrogen emissions in a marine hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine. Ships and Offshore Structures. ISSN 1754-212X (https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2026.2625774)

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Abstract

Hydrogen/diesel dual-fuel engines represent a viable solution for low-carbon ship propulsion. However, low-temperature intake air hinders flame propagation, leading to increased unburnt hydrogen. This study investigates diesel injection strategies of a marine-scale hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine to minimize unburnt hydrogen. The CFD model is developed from a PFI marine medium-speed engine. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of injection timing, tilt angle, and injection duration. The results indicate that optimized injection strategies reduce the unburnt hydrogen from 50% to 1%. Adjusting the injection timing from 9.5°CA BTDC to 49.5°CA BTDC decreases unburnt hydrogen from 50% to 3%. Furthermore, modifying the tilt angle from 75.5° to 55.5° decreases it to 2%, while shortening the injection duration from 35°CA to 34°CA achieves the lowest unburnt hydrogen at 1%. These findings highlight the potential of advanced injection strategies in hydrogen combustion, contributing to the development of efficient hydrogen marine engines.

ORCID iDs

Gu, Binteng ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0556-2474, Zhou, Peilin ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-8489, Chen, Ning, Mujeeb-Ahmed, M.P. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-4222 and Yang, Lin;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)