Observation of emergent scaling of spin-charge correlations at the onset of the pseudogap

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Chalopin, Thomas and Bojović, Petar and Wang, Si and Franz, Titus and Sinha, Aritra and Wang, Zhenjiu and Bourgund, Dominik and Obermeyer, Johannes and Grusdt, Fabian and Bohrdt, Annabelle and Pollet, Lode and Wietek, Alexander and Georges, Antoine and Hilker, Timon and Bloch, Immanuel (2026) Observation of emergent scaling of spin-charge correlations at the onset of the pseudogap. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123 (4). e2525539123. ISSN 0027-8424 (https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2525539123)

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Abstract

In strongly correlated materials, interacting electrons are entangled and form collective quantum states, resulting in rich low-temperature phase diagrams. Notable examples include cuprate superconductors, in which superconductivity emerges at low doping out of an unusual "pseudogap" metallic state above the critical temperature. The Fermi-Hubbard model, describing a wide range of phenomena associated with strong electron correlations, still offers major computational challenges despite its simple formulation. In this context, ultracold atoms quantum simulators have provided invaluable insights into the microscopic nature of correlated quantum states. Here, we use a quantum gas microscope Fermi-Hubbard simulator to explore a wide range of dopings and temperatures in a regime where a pseudogap is known to develop. By measuring multipoint correlation functions up to fifth order, we uncover a universal scaling behavior in magnetic and higher-order spin-charge correlations characterized by a doping-dependent temperature scale. Accurate comparisons with determinant Quantum Monte Carlo and Minimally Entangled Typical Thermal States simulations confirm that this temperature scale is comparable to the pseudogap temperature [Formula: see text]. Our quantitative findings reveal a qualitative behavior of magnetic properties and spin-charge correlations in an emergent pseudogap and pave the way toward the exploration of charge pairing and collective phenomena expected at lower temperatures.

ORCID iDs

Chalopin, Thomas, Bojović, Petar, Wang, Si, Franz, Titus, Sinha, Aritra, Wang, Zhenjiu, Bourgund, Dominik, Obermeyer, Johannes, Grusdt, Fabian, Bohrdt, Annabelle, Pollet, Lode, Wietek, Alexander, Georges, Antoine, Hilker, Timon ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1012-5750 and Bloch, Immanuel;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)