Tailoring MXene/nickel cobalt phosphate composite for enhanced electrochromic and supercapacitor applications

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Mustafa, Muhammad Norhaffis and Abdah, Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd and Saidi, Norshahirah Mohamad and Numan, Arshid and Sulaiman, Yusran and Walvekar, Rashmi and Khalid, Mohammad (2026) Tailoring MXene/nickel cobalt phosphate composite for enhanced electrochromic and supercapacitor applications. Battery Energy, 5 (1). e70070. ISSN 2768-1696 (https://doi.org/10.1002/bte2.70070)

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Abstract

Electrochromic materials that simultaneously enable optical modulation and charge storage offer a promising route toward multifunctional energy systems. Herein, we report a scalable synthesis of a nickel cobalt phosphate–MXene (NCP/Ti3C2) composite engineered to couple fast ion transport with structural robustness. Using microwave-assisted deposition followed by spin coating, we constructed a conductive Ti3C2 network that intimately overlays the NCP matrix, forming an architecture that overcomes the transport limitations and instability typically observed in MXene–phosphate hybrids. The optimized NCP/Ti3C2 film delivered a high coloration efficiency (~140 cm2/C) and retained over 75% of its optical contrast after 1000 switching cycles. It further exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance (~2300 F/g at 1 mV/s), reflecting markedly enhanced charge-storage kinetics. Assembled into an asymmetric electrochromic supercapacitor with activated carbon, the device achieved an energy density of ~15 Wh/kg at a power density of ~1600 W/kg and maintained ~85% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. These combined optical and electrochemical performances position the NCP/Ti3C2//AC system as a compelling platform for next-generation wearable and multifunctional energy-storage technologies.

ORCID iDs

Mustafa, Muhammad Norhaffis, Abdah, Muhammad Amirul Aizat Mohd, Saidi, Norshahirah Mohamad, Numan, Arshid, Sulaiman, Yusran, Walvekar, Rashmi ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1278 and Khalid, Mohammad;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)