Performance analysis of equal-gain-diversity UWOC systems over exponentiated Weibull turbulence channels with nonzero-boresight pointing errors

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Jiang, Hongyan and Liu, Tao and Li, Xiaoji and Omar, Ahmad Fairuz and Rajbhandari, Sujan (2025) Performance analysis of equal-gain-diversity UWOC systems over exponentiated Weibull turbulence channels with nonzero-boresight pointing errors. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 42 (11). pp. 1820-1827. ISSN 1084-7529 (https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.573103)

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Abstract

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems face significant performance degradation due to turbulence-induced fading and pointing errors (PEs). This paper evaluates the bit error rate (BER) performance of spatial diversity UWOC systems with equal-gain combining (EGC) over independent exponentiated Weibull (EW) turbulence channels with nonzero-boresight PEs. A Parseval’s theorem-based approach is used to derive an analytical expression for the average BER of EGC UWOC systems, using the Fourier transform of the conditional error probability and the characteristic function (CHF) of independent individual fading channel coefficients. Combining EW turbulence and nonzero-boresight PEs, the probability density function and CHF of the fading channel coefficient are derived, and the corresponding frequency-domain integral is approximated using a Gauss–Chebyshev quadrature formula. Taking quadrature amplitude modulation scheme as an example, the numerical results are presented and verified using Monte Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated that EGC-based spatial diversity significantly improves system robustness against the turbulence-induced fading and PEs compared to single-input single-output systems, particularly under strong fading. For instance, a diversity order of eight offers diversity gains of 37.1, 25.2, and 17.5 dB at the BER of 10 −3 when scintillation indexes are 2.5983, 0.7335, and 0.2551, respectively. The study is helpful to evaluate the BER performance of the EGC diversity UWOC system over complex fading channels.

ORCID iDs

Jiang, Hongyan, Liu, Tao, Li, Xiaoji, Omar, Ahmad Fairuz and Rajbhandari, Sujan ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-118X;
  • Item type:Article
    ID code:94741
    Dates:
    Date
    Event
    1 November 2025
    Published
    29 October 2025
    Published Online
    3 October 2025
    Accepted
    9 July 2025
    Submitted
    Subjects:Science > Physics > Optics. Light
    Department:Faculty of Science > Physics > Institute of Photonics
    Depositing user: Pure Administrator
    Date deposited:17 Nov 2025 22:44
    Last modified:13 Feb 2026 08:23
    URI:https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/id/eprint/94741
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