Hardware-in-the-loop validation of PMU-based metrics for transmission network analysis

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Frigo, Guglielmo and Feng, Zhiwang and Toro, Federico Grasso and De Nascimento e Barbalho, Pedro Inácio and Seferi, Yljon and Burt, Graeme (2025) Hardware-in-the-loop validation of PMU-based metrics for transmission network analysis. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 172. 111262. ISSN 0142-0615 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.111262)

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Abstract

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are fundamental components of modern Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS), which are crucial for ensuring power system stability, particularly with increasing renewable energy penetration and system complexity. While various PMU algorithms exist, their performance under dynamic conditions and their suitability for direct stability assessment require rigorous validation beyond pure simulation. This paper presents the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validation of two on-line performance metrics capable of assessing the trustworthiness of PMU measurements. To this end, we implement two PMU prototypes, namely, a software model and a hardware industrial controller. They both rely on a synchrophasor estimation algorithm, fully compliant with both P- and M-class requirements of IEC 60255-118-1. The two prototypes are then enriched by the functionality of computing two on-line performance metrics that quantify the discrepancy between measured parameters and acquired sample series. A thorough validation in a HIL environment shows the practicality and the flexibility of the proposed approach, paving the way for its deployment in practical grid applications.

ORCID iDs

Frigo, Guglielmo, Feng, Zhiwang ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-0050, Toro, Federico Grasso, De Nascimento e Barbalho, Pedro Inácio, Seferi, Yljon ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-1949 and Burt, Graeme ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-5919;
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