ARISE : an algorithm for rapid ion spectrum extraction enabling real-time optimisation in high-repetition-rate laser-driven ion acceleration

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Torrance, Ben C. and McQueen, Christopher J. G. and Wilson, Robbie and Alderton, Matthew and Dolier, Ewan J. and Peat Romero, Maia P. and Nayli, Radhika and King, Martin and Gray, Ross J. and McKenna, Paul (2026) ARISE : an algorithm for rapid ion spectrum extraction enabling real-time optimisation in high-repetition-rate laser-driven ion acceleration. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 13. e105. ISSN 2052-3289 (https://doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2025.10083)

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Abstract

Recent advances in high-power, high-repetition-rate laser systems are driving the adoption of data-driven experimental approaches in high-energy density science. To fully realize the potential of these methodologies, automated and high-throughput analysis of key diagnostics is essential for effective feedback and real-time optimization. We present a novel algorithm, ARISE (algorithm for rapid ion spectrum extraction), developed for fast and reliable extraction of laser-accelerated ion spectra from Thomson parabola spectrometers, capable of operating at repetition rates exceeding 20 Hz. ARISE enables real-time, data-driven experimentation through features including background subtraction, automatic identification of the zero-deflection reference point and automated determination of maximum ion energy. We validate the accuracy of ARISE in spectrum extraction and energy detection, and demonstrate its integration within a Bayesian optimization framework during a proof-of-concept experiment conducted using the 350 TW SCAPA laser, enabling real-time optimization of laser-accelerated ion beam parameters.

ORCID iDs

Torrance, Ben C. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9982-1596, McQueen, Christopher J. G. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5372-5257, Wilson, Robbie ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-3262, Alderton, Matthew ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-0393, Dolier, Ewan J. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2744-7406, Peat Romero, Maia P., Nayli, Radhika, King, Martin ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-6141, Gray, Ross J. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-9595 and McKenna, Paul ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8061-7091;
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