Assessment of wearable technologies for monitoring TKA recovery

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Ligeti, A.G. and Forsyth, L.E. and Clarke, Jon and Riches, P.E. (2025) Assessment of wearable technologies for monitoring TKA recovery. In: BioMedEng25, 2025-09-04 - 2025-09-05, University of Strathclyde.

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Abstract

Approximately 100,000 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures occur annually in the UK [1], placing high demand on rehabilitation services. Despite its importance, TKA rehabilitation lacks standardised protocols [2]. Wearable technologies offer a means to enhance early home-based rehabilitation through remote monitoring and assessment. This study aimed to validate MotionSense™ sensors against clinical motion capture for assessing knee ROM in a TKA population. Ten TKA patients were recruited (Weight: 88.0±15.6kg; Height: 1.73±0.12m; BMI: 30.09±3.22kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation). Data was collected preoperatively and at 1-week- and 6-weeks postoperatively. Participants completed three activities. Knee flexion was determined by Vicon PlugInGaitTM (100 Hz) and by a proprietary algorithm to which MotionSenseTM sensors (~50Hz) exported data in real-time. Following up-sampling to 100Hz, cross-correlation was used to time synchronise the measurements in gait cycle windows from peak flexion to peak flexion. Root mean square errors (RMSE) were calculated between technologies in each gait cycle window. Preoperatively, participants walked at 0.56±0.14m/s, one-week postoperatively at 0.52±0.14m/s and by 6-weeks postoperatively at 0.60±0.28m/s (p<0.05). Knee ROM decreased following surgery (Table 1). However, by 6 weeks postoperative, ROM increased. Preoperatively, RMSE data demonstrated excellent agreement between the MotionSense™ sensors and the Vicon system across all activities (Table 1). MotionSense™ sensors performed accurately across all activities. At one-week post-TKA, participant ROM was reduced, resulting in higher accuracy. Wearable devices can confidently be implemented within clinical and rehabilitative environments, evidencing their ability to accurately measure sagittal knee ROM.

ORCID iDs

Ligeti, A.G., Forsyth, L.E. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-8984, Clarke, Jon and Riches, P.E. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7708-4607;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)