Fiber-based ultra-high speed diffuse speckle contrast analysis system for deep blood flow sensing using a large SPAD camera

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Wang, Quan and Bi, Renzhe and Zheng, Songhua and Erdogan, Ahmet T. and Qi, Yi and Li, Chenxu and Hua, Yuanyuan and Pan, Mingliang and Wang, Yining and Finlayson, Neil and Olivo, Malini and Henderson, Robert K. and Li, David Uei-Day (2025) Fiber-based ultra-high speed diffuse speckle contrast analysis system for deep blood flow sensing using a large SPAD camera. Biosensors, 15 (8). 514. ISSN 2079-6374 (https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080514)

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Abstract

Diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA), also called speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS), has emerged as a groundbreaking optical imaging technique for tracking dynamic biological processes, including blood flow and tissue perfusion. Recent advancements in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) cameras have unlocked exceptional sensitivity, time resolution, and high frame-rate imaging capabilities. Despite this, the application of large-format SPAD arrays in speckle contrast analysis is still relatively uncommon. This study introduces a pioneering use of a large-format SPAD camera for DSCA. By harnessing the camera's high temporal resolution and photon-detection efficiency, we significantly enhance the accuracy and robustness of speckle contrast measurements. Our experimental results demonstrate the system's remarkable ability to capture rapid temporal variations over a broad field of view, enabling detailed spatiotemporal analysis. Through simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo studies, we validated the proposed approach's potential for cerebral blood flow and functional tissue monitoring. This work highlights the transformative impact of large SPAD cameras on DSCA, setting the stage for breakthroughs in optical imaging.

ORCID iDs

Wang, Quan ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2936-825X, Bi, Renzhe, Zheng, Songhua, Erdogan, Ahmet T., Qi, Yi, Li, Chenxu, Hua, Yuanyuan, Pan, Mingliang ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9732-8963, Wang, Yining, Finlayson, Neil, Olivo, Malini, Henderson, Robert K. and Li, David Uei-Day ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6401-4263;
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