International database of hot sedimentary aquifer geothermal projects : de-risking future projects by identifying key success and failure criteria

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Brémaud, Maëlle and Burnside, Neil M. and Shipton, Zoe K. and Willems, Cees J. L. and Pujol, Martin and Bossennec, Claire (2025) International database of hot sedimentary aquifer geothermal projects : de-risking future projects by identifying key success and failure criteria. Geoenergy, 3 (1). ISSN 2755-1725 (https://doi.org/10.1144/geoenergy2024-031)

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Abstract

Hot sedimentary aquifers (HSAs) have huge potential for low-carbon energy supply but remain a relatively untapped resource. For example, HSAs could meet 100 years of the UK national heat demand. The main technical barriers to HSA deployment are subsurface risks and associated well completion requirements. Numerous studies and policies have attempted to tackle these hurdles, but the sluggish implementation of HSA projects underscores the need for a deeper understanding of what works and what does not. Embracing a ‘learning from failure’ ethos, we compiled a comprehensive database of key parameters through a systematic review of publicly available information from 256 HSA projects across eight countries where data were widely available: Australia, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Poland, The Netherlands and the UK. This database encompasses project specifics, borehole details, geological and hydrogeological parameters, associated risks, and mitigation strategies. Analysis revealed that 26% of HSA projects failed, mainly due to geological and hydrogeological (39% of all reasons), financial (26%), and technical (25%) issues. Mitigation or remediation strategies were implemented by 24% of both failed and running projects, resulting in a general decrease in failure rate over time. Successful projects emphasize the importance of robust pre-drilling site characterization and ongoing monitoring of the geothermal installations. We recommend the adoption of international standards for geothermal play classification and data reporting to enhance appraisal of HSA prospects. By quantifying key parameters for project failure and success, we hope to de-risk and inform better budgeting of HSA endeavours, thereby bolstering the success and viability of future projects.

ORCID iDs

Brémaud, Maëlle ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2025-7953, Burnside, Neil M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-2623, Shipton, Zoe K. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2268-7750, Willems, Cees J. L., Pujol, Martin and Bossennec, Claire;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)