Applications and services of solid-state transformers in active distribution networks : A critical review

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Wald, Felix and M., Hrishikesan V. and Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol and Ji, Haoran and Davoudi, Masoud and Bidram, Ali and Syed, Mazheruddin and Josevski, Martina and Brüske, Sebastian and Kumar, Chandan and Alzola, Rafael Peña and Colak, Ilknur and Pannala, Sanjeev and Liserre, Marco and Carne, Giovanni De (2025) Applications and services of solid-state transformers in active distribution networks : A critical review. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 16 (5). pp. 3615-3637. ISSN 1949-3053 (https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2025.3574007)

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Abstract

Distribution systems have traditionally received the least attention in the bulk picture of power systems; they are yet the most "critical component" as they directly impact customers’ perception and utilities’ reputation. While transmission systems have seen abundant literature, innovations, and applications of power electronic-based devices to optimize their performance, distribution systems still require more attention toward a flexible and dynamic scheme to cope with volatile energy consumption and production. As a replacement or enhancement of the traditional ones, Solid-State Transformers can play a central role in the energy management of distribution systems towards this goal, in addition to the mere voltage conversion. This manuscript, developed within the IEEE Task Force on Solid-State Transformer integration in distribution grids, offers a critical review of the Solid-State Transformer potential, services, and technical challenges for its integration in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to scientific trends and open points in the current research that must be addressed before utilities extensively integrate the Solid-State Transformer in distribution systems.

ORCID iDs

Wald, Felix, M., Hrishikesan V., Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, Ji, Haoran, Davoudi, Masoud, Bidram, Ali, Syed, Mazheruddin, Josevski, Martina, Brüske, Sebastian, Kumar, Chandan, Alzola, Rafael Peña ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2451-6779, Colak, Ilknur, Pannala, Sanjeev, Liserre, Marco and Carne, Giovanni De;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)