Latest advances in glucose-responsive microneedle-based systems for transdermal insulin delivery

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Martínez-Navarrete, Miquel and Pérez-López, Alexandre and Guillot, Antonio José and Cordeiro, Ana Sara and Melero, Ana and Aparicio-Blanco, Juan (2024) Latest advances in glucose-responsive microneedle-based systems for transdermal insulin delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 263. 130301. ISSN 1879-0003 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130301)

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Abstract

The development of a self-regulated minimally invasive system for insulin delivery can be considered as the holy grail in the field of diabetes mellitus. A delivery system capable of releasing insulin in response to blood glucose levels would significantly improve the quality of life of diabetic patients, eliminating the need for frequent finger-prick tests and providing better glycaemic control with lower risk of hypoglycaemia. In this context, the latest advances in glucose-responsive microneedle-based transdermal insulin delivery are here compiled with a thorough analysis of the delivery mechanisms and challenges lying ahead in their clinical translation. Two main groups of microneedle-based systems have been developed so far: glucose oxidase-containing and phenylboronic acid-containing systems. Both strategies in combination have also been tested and two other novel strategies are under development, namely electronic closed-loop and glucose transporter-based systems. Results from preclinical studies conducted using these different types of glucose-triggered release systems are comprehensively discussed. Altogether, this analysis from both a mechanistic and translational perspective will provide rationale and/or guidance for future trends in the research hotspot of glucose-responsive microneedle-based insulin delivery systems.

ORCID iDs

Martínez-Navarrete, Miquel, Pérez-López, Alexandre, Guillot, Antonio José, Cordeiro, Ana Sara ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-7916, Melero, Ana and Aparicio-Blanco, Juan;
CORE (COnnecting REpositories)